TEACHERS AND MANAGEMENT IN SINDH’S TVET: IMPACT ON PROGRAM QUALITY AND STUDENT OUTCOMES

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of teachers and institutional management on technical and vocational education (TVE) in Sindh, Pakistan, with particular emphasis on curriculum quality, teacher training, industry engagement, and graduate employability. Research was conducted across six major districts: Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, Jacobabad, and Mirpurkhas. Employing a mixed-methods design, the study combined quantitative surveys (N = 300) with focus group discussions involving 30 stakeholders, including teachers, students, administrators, and industry representatives. Statistical analyses, including ANOVA, indicate that the quality of teacher training has a significant impact on graduate employability (p < 0.01). Key challenges identified include outdated curricula, limited modern resources, and weak industry linkages. The study recommends curriculum modernization, enhanced teacher training, stronger partnerships with industry, and the integration of digital skills to improve employment outcomes in Sindh’s vocational sector.